Let’s learn: each recipe is like an instruction. It tells you what ingredients you need and the steps to follow to make a dish, like mashed potatoes or a cake.
Watch the video and pay attention to what words help us to make a sequence:
Watch the video and pay attention to what words help us to make a sequence:
To sum it all up:
first — [ˈfɜːst] — used to indicate the first step; vispirms
First, wash your hands before cooking.
then — [ðen] — used to show what happens next; tad
Then, put on your apron.
next — [nekst] — immediately after; uzreiz pēc tam
Next, gather all your ingredients.
after that — [ˈɑːf.tər ðæt] — used to show what happens immediately after; pēc tam
After that, get all the utensils you will need.
finally — [ˈfaɪ.nəl.i] — used to introduce the last point or idea; visbeidzot
Finally, start cooking.
Svarīgi!
Pay attention!
We use a comma after the adverbs of sequence.
First, wash your hands before cooking.
Adverbs of sequence usually come at the beginning of a sentence.
Then, gather all the ingredients.
We use a comma after the adverbs of sequence.
First, wash your hands before cooking.
Adverbs of sequence usually come at the beginning of a sentence.
Then, gather all the ingredients.
Let’s learn: “tbsp.”, “ml.”, “g.”. What do these strange letter combinations stand for? You can see these in a recipe. They are called recipe abbreviations. Knowing them helps you whip up meals faster and avoid kitchen disasters by getting the measurements right. Here are the most common:
tsp. — teaspoon — tējkarote
tbsp. — tablespoon — ēdamkarote
lb. — pound (approximately, 0,45 kg) — mārciņa (aptuveni, 0,45 kg)
min. — minute — minūte
hr. — hour — stunda
ml — millilitre — mililitrs
l — litre — litrs
g — gram — grams
kg — kilogram — kilograms
approx. — approximately — aptuveni
c. — cup — tase
lg. — large — liels
sm. — small — mazs
°F/°C — degrees Fahrenheit / Celsius — Fārenheits / Celsijs
deg. — degrees — grādi
tbsp. — tablespoon — ēdamkarote
lb. — pound (approximately, 0,45 kg) — mārciņa (aptuveni, 0,45 kg)
min. — minute — minūte
hr. — hour — stunda
ml — millilitre — mililitrs
l — litre — litrs
g — gram — grams
kg — kilogram — kilograms
approx. — approximately — aptuveni
c. — cup — tase
lg. — large — liels
sm. — small — mazs
°F/°C — degrees Fahrenheit / Celsius — Fārenheits / Celsijs
deg. — degrees — grādi
Let’s revise: read and think about what these example sentences express: is it a suggestion, an invitation or maybe an instruction?
These are instructions, right? You learned this in form 5. Remember? Revise here:
Piemērs:
"Slice the bread and chop the onions," exclaimed the chef.
"Wash your hands and then set the table," said mom.
"Wash your hands and then set the table," said mom.
Svarīgi!
To sum it all up, follow this sentence pattern when forming the imperative sentences:
Affirmative sentences: base verb + object + other sentence parts.
Example: Wash (base verb) your hands (object) before cooking (other sentence parts).
Negative sentences:
1. Do not + base verb + object + other sentence parts
Example: Do not leave (base verb) the oven (object) unattended while cooking (other sentence parts).
2. Do not + base verb + to-infinitive / -ing + object + other sentence parts.
Example: Do not forget (base verb) to use (to-infinitive) an apron (the object) while cooking (other sentence parts).