SPELLING "V2"
| !!! | Irregular verbs | learn by heart here! | write - wrote |
| 1. | If the verb ends in -e (silent) | we leave out e |
like - liked
|
| 2. |
If the last letters are CVC
consonant - stressed vowel - consonant
|
we double the last consonant |
stop - stopped
regret - regretted
|
| 2! |
If the last letters are CVC
consonant - unstressed vowel - consonant
|
we don't double the last consonant |
listen - listened
happen - happened
|
| 2! |
If the last letters are CVC
consonant - stressed vowel - w / y / z
|
we don't double the last consonant |
snow - snowed
play - played
relax - relaxed
|
| 2! | If the last letters are CVC
consonant - vowel - l
|
we double the last consonant (BrE)
|
travel - travelled (BrE)
|
| 3. |
If the verb ends in consonant + y
|
we change y to ie | tidy - tidied |
| 4. | If the verb ends in vowel + y | we don't change y |
play - played
|
| 5. | In other cases | we just add ed | work - worked |
*NOTE! In American English (AmE) the letter "l" is not doubled: travel - traveled.
PRONUNCIATION “ed”
|
[ɪd]
|
[t]
|
[d]
|
| after [t], [d] |
after voiceless consonants [k], [s], [p], [f], [ʃ], [tʃ] |
after other sounds
(voiced consonants and vowels)
|
| wanted ['wɔntɪd] decided [dɪ'saɪdɪd] |
worked [wɜːkt] dressed [drest] skipped [skɪpt] washed [wɔʃt] watched [wɔʧt] laughed [lɑːft] |
smiled [smaɪld] cleaned [kliːnd] offered ['ɔfəd] showed [ʃəʊd] |
V — Verb (the infinitive of the verb without "to"/ Present Simple verb (for I, we, you, they). E.g. write, go, listen, etc.
V2 — Verb in the 2nd form (Past Simple) E.g. wrote, went, listened, etc.
S — Subject of the sentence
QW — Question word
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: b, c, d, … z (all the other letters)
