FORM
AFFIRMATIVE (+)
|
Present Perfect
Simple
|
Present Perfect
Continuous
|
| S + have / has + V3 | S + have / has + been + Ving |
| I have worked | I have been working |
| we have worked | we have been working |
| you have worked | you have been working |
| they have worked | they have been working |
| he has worked | he has been working |
| she has worked | she has been working |
| it has worked | it has been working |
NEGATIVE (-)
|
Present Perfect
Simple
|
Present Perfect
Continuous
|
| S + have / has + not + V3 | S + have / has + not + been + Ving |
| I have not worked | I have not been working |
| you have not worked | you have not been working |
| we have not worked | we have not been working |
| they have not worked | they have not been working |
| he has not worked | he has not been working |
| she has not worked | she has not been working |
| it has not worked | it has not been working |
Svarīgi!
has not = hasn't
have not = haven't
INTERROGATIVE (?) — General questions (or "Yes/ No") questions
|
Present Perfect
Simple
|
Present Perfect
Continuous
|
| have / has + S + V3 … ? | have / has + S + been + Ving … ? |
| has I worked | have I been working |
| have we worked | have we been working |
| have you worked | have you been working |
| have they worked | have they been working |
| has he worked | has he been working |
| has she worked | has she been working |
| has it worked | has it been working |
INTERROGATIVE (?) — Special (or "Wh") questions
To make "Wh" questions we usually put a question word (QW) before a construction of "Yes/No" questions:
E.g.
|
Present Perfect
Simple
|
Present Perfect
Continuous
|
| QW + have / has + S + V3 … ? | QW + have / has + S + been + Ving … ? |
| Why have you worked … ? | How long have you been working … ? |
| Where has he worked … ? | Where has he been working … ? |
SHORT ANSWERS
|
Both Present Perfect Simple and
Present Perfect Continuous
|
|
| Yes, S + have / has. | No, S + hasn't / haven't. |
| Yes, I have. | No, I haven't. |
| Yes, we have. | No, we haven't. |
| Yes, you have. | No, you haven't. |
| Yes, they have. | No, they haven't. |
| Yes, he has. | No, he hasn't. |
| Yes, she has. | No, she hasn't. |
| Yes, it has. | No, it hasn't. |
Svarīgi!
NOTE!
In short answers we use pronouns (I, we, you, they, he, she, it).
E.g.
— Has Mary finished her homework?
— No, she hasn't. (NOT: No, Mary hasn't.)
***
V — Verb (the infinitive of the verb without "to"). E.g. write, go, listen, etc.
V3 — Verb in the 3rd form (Past Participle). E.g. written, gone, listened, etc.
Ving — Verb ending in "-ing" (Present Participle). E.g. writing, going, listening, etc. Revise how to add "ing" to a verb here.
S — Subject of the sentence
QW — Question word. E.g. what, when, where, why, who, how, etc.
